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7 MIN · Module

Misinformation, disinformation and coordinated manipulation

How to tell organised manipulation from ordinary error, and how to report a suspicious trend without presenting it as public opinion or giving it free reach.

The toolkit of organised manipulation

A woman shares a photograph of flooding, certain it was taken in her town this morning. It was taken in another city, years ago. A press officer repeats a figure from a draft that was later revised. Both are mistakes, and both are misinformation: false or misleading content spread without intent to deceive. Disinformation is false or misleading content spread…

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