Six levels, three groups
The CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) defines six levels of proficiency, in three pairs: • A1 / A2, BASIC USER (survival level). • B1 / B2, INDEPENDENT USER (can navigate most situations). • C1 / C2, PROFICIENT USER (near-native). It is descriptor-based ('I can introduce myself…') rather than test-based, so it works across exam systems. Many EU…

